One to two percent of the population is in heart failure, up to 10% of octogenarians, with a poor prognosis left untreated. Although recent pharmacotherapeutic advances have reduced re-hospitalisation rates to 44% at 12-months and also improved life expectancy, five-year mortality remains at 50%.¹ Clinically, heart failure is classified according to relative stroke-volume preservation about … Continue reading HFrEF and HFpEF: The Ailing Heart