Applied Anatomy

Anatomy & Histology

The Neuroanatomy of Vision

The Visual Pathway and Cranial Nerve Number II

Striate Cortical Processing

Oculovestibular Coordination

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Hearing & Balance

Acoustic Neurology – Cranial Nerve Number VIII

The Neck

Anterior and Posterior Triangles – Surface Anatomy

Neurology of the Upper Limb

The Chest

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Spinal Cord

The Spinal Nerve

Actions of the spinal nerves
Level Motor Function
C1–C6 Neck flexors
C1–T1 Neck extensors
C3, C4, C5 Supply diaphragm (mostly C4)
C5, C6 Move shoulder, raise arm (deltoid); flex elbow (biceps)
C6 externally rotate (supinate) the arm
C6, C7 Extend elbow and wrist (triceps and wrist extensors); pronate wrist
C7, C8 Flex wrist; supply small muscles of the hand
T1–T6 Intercostals and trunk above the waist
T7–L1 Abdominal muscles
L1–L4 Flex thigh
L2, L3, L4 Adduct thigh; Extend leg at the knee (quadriceps femoris)
L4, L5, S1 abduct thigh; Flex leg at the knee (hamstrings); Dorsiflex foot (tibialis anterior); Extend toes
L5, S1, S2 Extend leg at the hip (gluteus maximus); Plantar flex foot and flex toes

Note: Unless otherwise indicated, images are in the Public Domain (for the most part, Wikimedia Commons).

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Reading