Look
- colour, swelling, temperature
- hallux valgus, clawing of toes, nail changes, sausage toes
- arches, calluses (corns)
Feel
- swelling about malleoli
Move
- grasp midfoot → dorsiflex 20° / plantarflex 50° (talar joint)
Power
- inversion / eversion (subtalar joint)
- rotate forefoot, whilst keeping hindfoot fixed (mid-tarsal joint)
- squeeze MTPJ and each IPJ – tenderness must be precisely localised
Achilles tendon
- feel for nodules
- tendonitis (also pressure on inferior heel)
Test of Function
- stand on tip-toes → walk normally → walk on tip-toes
- look for gait / foot balance
- muscle power
- shoes: uneven wear
- stand
X-ray of Ankle / foot:
- AP
- Lateral
- ± standing, strain, and special views
