Signs of portal hypertension:
- ascites
- splenomegaly
- caput medusae
- venous hum
- haematemesis
Causes of portal hypertension:
Pre-hepatic
- portal vein compression – lymphadenopathy
- lymphoma
- carcinoma
- portal vein thrombosis – PRV, etc.
- umbilical sepsis
Intra-hepatic
- cirrhosis
- veno-occlusive disease
- sarcoid, lymphoma, leukemic infiltrate
- congenital hepatic fibrosis
- schistosomiasis
Post-hepatic
- hepatic vein obstruction – Budd-Chiari syndrome
- congestive cardiac failure / constrictive pericarditis
- tricuspid incompetence
