Cause of a Budd-Chiari malformation (hepatic venous outflow obstruction, whether of small centrilobular or major hepatic veins or, indeed, of the IVC):
- idiopathic
- myeloproliferative disease
- carcinoma
- kidney
- pancreas
- liver
- oral contraceptive pill / pregnancy
- paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria (PNH)
- fibrous membrane
- trauma
- schistosomiasis
References
Wang, Ruihua et al. “Treatment of Budd-Chiari syndrome with inferior vena cava thrombosis.” Experimental and therapeutic medicine vol. 5,4 (2013): 1254-1258. doi:10.3892/etm.2013.961.
