Acute Diarrhoea and Vomiting in infants and children (may warrant an AXR)
Enteric infection
- Rotavirus
- other viruses
- bacterial – Salmonella, Shigella, E. coli. C. jejuni
- protozoal – Giardia lambia, E. histolytica, Cryptosporidium
- food poisoning – Staphylococcal toxin
Systemic infection
- Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)
- pneumonia
- septicaemia (incl. meningitis)
Surgical conditions
- appendicitis
- intussusception → Barium or gallium enema
- partial bowel obstruction → Ba meal
- Hirschsprung’s disease → Ba enema
- short gut syndrome
Other systemic disorders
- Diabetes mellitus
- congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH)
- antibiotic treatment
- haemolytic uraemic syndrome
Neonatal acute diarrhoea
- Surgical
- necrotising enterocolitis (pneumatosis intestinalis)
- Hirschsprung’s disease
- malrotation / fixation
Medical
-
- gastroenteritis
- carbohydrate intolerance
- congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH)
